検査用レンズの指定方法(手順順)
検査用レンズの仕様策定は、焦点距離やセンサーではなく、常に欠陥から始まります。最初のステップで導き出されるのは、「最小検出可能特徴サイズ」という1つの数値です。塗装面上の50ミクロンの傷と、機械加工部品上の500ミクロンの寸法公差では、下流工程で求められる仕様がまったく異なってきます。欠陥の種類が不明な場合は、重視すべきと予想される最小の特徴サイズに基づいて設計を行ってください。 後で開口部を広げたり倍率を下げたりすることはできますが、一度捉えられなかった細部を後から取り戻すことはできません。
必要な解像度を計算する
Once you have a minimum feature size, work one example, not a fixed pixel rule. Say the station inspects a 100mm part for defects down to 50 micron, the defects are high-contrast against a uniform background, and the detector is a thresholding algorithm: budgeting 5 pixels per defect, 5 divided by 0.05mm gives 100 pixels per millimeter, so 10,000 pixels along the critical axis. The pixel count a given station actually needs depends on feature shape and contrast, system MTF, noise, and the detection algorithm, so validate the budget on real defect samples before freezing the sensor choice. Lens resolution must meet or exceed the sensor's pixel pitch. A 12MP sensor at 1.1" has 3.45 micron pixels; a lens rated for 12MP targets that sensor class, but the megapixel label is not proof of resolved pitch, so confirm against the lens's measured MTF data at your pixel pitch. Pairing a lower-rated lens with a higher-resolution sensor means the optical blur, not the sensor, sets your effective resolution.
作動距離を設定し、焦点距離を算出する
Working distance is set early by conveyor height, robot reach, enclosure dimensions, and part-loading clearance, not a free variable to pick after browsing a catalog. Once you have working distance and required field of view, focal length follows from the far-conjugate approximation, exact only in a pinhole ray model:
At a 300mm working distance, a required 100mm field of view, and a 14.1mm sensor width (1.1" sensor): the approximation gives EFL = 300 × 14.1 / 100 = 42.3mm, while exact thin-lens conjugates, with the working distance measured from the object-side principal plane, give roughly 37mm, so bracket both against stock focal lengths. Commonlands C-mount lenses use cam-driven focus; the focus mechanism and its near-limit behavior are product-specific, so check the product page. M12 lenses focus by threading the entire barrel in and out of the holder. Treat working-distance tolerance and refocus behavior as properties of the specific lens and holder, not of the mount name. Verify your own numbers with the field of view calculator or the EFL calculator before ordering.
適切な絞り値を選ぶ
Aperture trades depth of field against diffraction. For flat parts at a fixed working distance, open the aperture for maximum light throughput and resolution, typically F/2.8 to F/5.6 on many C-mount industrial lenses, MTF permitting. For 3D parts or components with height variation, stop down using the depth of field calculator. Diffraction sets a practical ceiling that shifts with wavelength and the blur your task tolerates. As a starting heuristic at visible wavelengths near 550nm, above F# of about 2 times the pixel pitch in microns, diffraction softening typically exceeds the gain from stopping down further; a stricter two-pixel Airy criterion at 550nm puts the ceiling near 1.5 times the pitch. For 3.45 micron pixels, the heuristic gives roughly F/7; for 25MP sensors with 2.74 micron pixels, closer to F/5.5. M12 lenses typically ship with a fixed aperture, which removes this lever entirely.
測定においては、合格・不合格の判定よりも歪みが重要である
Distortion displacement is radial: it scales with a point's distance from the field center, not with total field width. At 0.5% distortion on a 100mm field, a point at the field edge can be displaced by roughly 0.25mm from its true position: noise against a plus or minus 1mm tolerance, a dominant error source against plus or minus 0.1mm. Print registration is the tightest case; seal-width and label-code geometry sit in the middle, where a sub-0.5% spec is usually sufficient; fill-level threshold checks are the most forgiving because the reference mark and meniscus sit in the same frame and a consistent error affects both similarly, as long as container presentation stays repeatable. For measurement-grade work the nominal distortion figure is only the starting point: traceable dimensional results also need a calibrated residual, controlled perspective, mechanical stability, and an error budget for edge localization. See the low distortion lens guide for the difference between TV distortion and rectilinear distortion conventions.
センサー形式をレンズに合わせてください
レンズの像円は、センサーの対角線を完全に覆う必要があります。2/3インチ対応のレンズの像円はおよそ11mmですが、1.1インチのセンサーの対角線はおよそ17.6mmです。1.1インチのセンサーに2/3インチのレンズを装着すると、深刻なヴィネット現象が発生します。レンズは大きめを選ぶ方が無難です。小さすぎると、いくらソフトウェアで補正しても解消できないヴィネット現象が生じます。 コンパクトなM12レンズは、同等の性能を持つCマウントレンズに比べて、多くの場合、数分の1の価格です。8レーンの充填システムの場合、19ドルのM12レンズと119ドルのCマウントレンズの差額は、ステーション全体でおよそ800ドルになります。このメリットは、M12の像円が実際にセンサーを余裕を持ってカバーしている場合にのみ成立します。詳細なルールは、「センサーサイズとレンズの互換性ガイド」に記載されています。
















